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 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
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 */

package java.security;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * <p> SignedObject is a class for the purpose of creating authentic
 * runtime objects whose integrity cannot be compromised without being
 * detected.
 *
 * <p> More specifically, a SignedObject contains another Serializable
 * object, the (to-be-)signed object and its signature.
 *
 * <p> The signed object is a "deep copy" (in serialized form) of an
 * original object.  Once the copy is made, further manipulation of
 * the original object has no side effect on the copy.
 *
 * <p> The underlying signing algorithm is designated by the Signature
 * object passed to the constructor and the {@code verify} method.
 * A typical usage for signing is the following:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * Signature signingEngine = Signature.getInstance(algorithm,
 *                                                 provider);
 * SignedObject so = new SignedObject(myobject, signingKey,
 *                                    signingEngine);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p> A typical usage for verification is the following (having
 * received SignedObject {@code so}):
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * Signature verificationEngine =
 *     Signature.getInstance(algorithm, provider);
 * if (so.verify(publickey, verificationEngine))
 *     try {
 *         Object myobj = so.getObject();
 *     } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {};
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p> Several points are worth noting.  First, there is no need to
 * initialize the signing or verification engine, as it will be
 * re-initialized inside the constructor and the {@code verify}
 * method. Secondly, for verification to succeed, the specified
 * public key must be the public key corresponding to the private key
 * used to generate the SignedObject.
 *
 * <p> More importantly, for flexibility reasons, the
 * constructor and {@code verify} method allow for
 * customized signature engines, which can implement signature
 * algorithms that are not installed formally as part of a crypto
 * provider.  However, it is crucial that the programmer writing the
 * verifier code be aware what {@code Signature} engine is being
 * used, as its own implementation of the {@code verify} method
 * is invoked to verify a signature.  In other words, a malicious
 * {@code Signature} may choose to always return true on
 * verification in an attempt to bypass a security check.
 *
 * <p> The signature algorithm can be, among others, the NIST standard
 * DSA, using DSA and SHA-1.  The algorithm is specified using the
 * same convention as that for signatures. The DSA algorithm using the
 * SHA-1 message digest algorithm can be specified, for example, as
 * "SHA/DSA" or "SHA-1/DSA" (they are equivalent).  In the case of
 * RSA, there are multiple choices for the message digest algorithm,
 * so the signing algorithm could be specified as, for example,
 * "MD2/RSA", "MD5/RSA" or "SHA-1/RSA".  The algorithm name must be
 * specified, as there is no default.
 *
 * <p> The name of the Cryptography Package Provider is designated
 * also by the Signature parameter to the constructor and the
 * {@code verify} method.  If the provider is not
 * specified, the default provider is used.  Each installation can
 * be configured to use a particular provider as default.
 *
 * <p> Potential applications of SignedObject include:
 * <ul>
 * <li> It can be used
 * internally to any Java runtime as an unforgeable authorization
 * token -- one that can be passed around without the fear that the
 * token can be maliciously modified without being detected.
 * <li> It
 * can be used to sign and serialize data/object for storage outside
 * the Java runtime (e.g., storing critical access control data on
 * disk).
 * <li> Nested SignedObjects can be used to construct a logical
 * sequence of signatures, resembling a chain of authorization and
 * delegation.
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Li Gong
 * @see Signature
 */

public final class SignedObject implements Serializable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 720502720485447167L;

    /*
     * The original content is "deep copied" in its serialized format
     * and stored in a byte array.  The signature field is also in the
     * form of byte array.
     */

  private byte[] content;
  private byte[] signature;
  private String thealgorithm;

  /**
   * Constructs a SignedObject from any Serializable object.
   * The given object is signed with the given signing key, using the
   * designated signature engine.
   *
   * @param object the object to be signed.
   * @param signingKey the private key for signing.
   * @param signingEngine the signature signing engine.
   * @throws IOException if an error occurs during serialization
   * @throws InvalidKeyException if the key is invalid.
   * @throws SignatureException if signing fails.
   */
  public SignedObject(Serializable object, PrivateKey signingKey,
      Signature signingEngine)
      throws IOException, InvalidKeyException, SignatureException {
    // creating a stream pipe-line, from a to b
    ByteArrayOutputStream b = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    ObjectOutput a = new ObjectOutputStream(b);

    // write and flush the object content to byte array
    a.writeObject(object);
    a.flush();
    a.close();
    this.content = b.toByteArray();
    b.close();

    // now sign the encapsulated object
    this.sign(signingKey, signingEngine);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the encapsulated object.
   * The encapsulated object is de-serialized before it is returned.
   *
   * @return the encapsulated object.
   * @throws IOException if an error occurs during de-serialization
   * @throws ClassNotFoundException if an error occurs during de-serialization
   */
  public Object getObject()
      throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    // creating a stream pipe-line, from b to a
    ByteArrayInputStream b = new ByteArrayInputStream(this.content);
    ObjectInput a = new ObjectInputStream(b);
    Object obj = a.readObject();
    b.close();
    a.close();
    return obj;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the signature on the signed object, in the form of a
   * byte array.
   *
   * @return the signature. Returns a new array each time this method is called.
   */
  public byte[] getSignature() {
    return this.signature.clone();
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the name of the signature algorithm.
   *
   * @return the signature algorithm name.
   */
  public String getAlgorithm() {
    return this.thealgorithm;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the signature in this SignedObject is the valid
   * signature for the object stored inside, with the given
   * verification key, using the designated verification engine.
   *
   * @param verificationKey the public key for verification.
   * @param verificationEngine the signature verification engine.
   * @return {@code true} if the signature is valid, {@code false} otherwise
   * @throws SignatureException if signature verification failed.
   * @throws InvalidKeyException if the verification key is invalid.
   */
  public boolean verify(PublicKey verificationKey,
      Signature verificationEngine)
      throws InvalidKeyException, SignatureException {
    verificationEngine.initVerify(verificationKey);
    verificationEngine.update(this.content.clone());
    return verificationEngine.verify(this.signature.clone());
  }

  /*
   * Signs the encapsulated object with the given signing key, using the
   * designated signature engine.
   *
   * @param signingKey the private key for signing.
   * @param signingEngine the signature signing engine.
   *
   * @exception InvalidKeyException if the key is invalid.
   * @exception SignatureException if signing fails.
   */
  private void sign(PrivateKey signingKey, Signature signingEngine)
      throws InvalidKeyException, SignatureException {
    // initialize the signing engine
    signingEngine.initSign(signingKey);
    signingEngine.update(this.content.clone());
    this.signature = signingEngine.sign().clone();
    this.thealgorithm = signingEngine.getAlgorithm();
  }

  /**
   * readObject is called to restore the state of the SignedObject from
   * a stream.
   */
  private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
      throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    java.io.ObjectInputStream.GetField fields = s.readFields();
    content = ((byte[]) fields.get("content", null)).clone();
    signature = ((byte[]) fields.get("signature", null)).clone();
    thealgorithm = (String) fields.get("thealgorithm", null);
  }
}
